Copyright Notices
About this report
Insights into Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”) takedown notices and counter-notices for content on Twitter.
01. Latest Data: DMCA Takedown Notices
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02.
Overview
This section covers the latest data about Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”) to remove content on X.
There are also details about the latest trends in global volumes of requests, corresponding compliance rate, accounts affected, media withheld, and posts withheld, as well as insights into our related policies.
03.
Analysis
Big picture
This report includes data on DMCA submitted through our web form or otherwise sent to X, including via mail. For more information, please see our Copyright Policy.
We saw a 16% decrease in DMCA takedown notices submitted, and a 22% decrease in accounts affected. Posts withheld dropped by 63% while media withheld decreased by 18%.
We provide affected account holders with a copy of the related DMCA takedown notice when their media or posts are withheld. The notification includes instructions on how to file a counter-notice (where the account holder believes the content was removed in error) and also how to seek a retraction from the original reporter.
No action
We do not withhold content in response to DMCA takedown notices that are incomplete, do not concern copyright issues, or that we determine to be fraudulent. In addition, there may be certain uses of copyrighted material that do not require the copyright owner’s permission, such as political speech, content that is potentially newsworthy, or cases of apparent fair use. This type of speech is protected under UN-recognized principles of free expression and may not violate X’s Copyright Policy, and therefore may not be removed in response to a facially-complete DMCA notice. We carefully review each notice, and follow up with the reporter as appropriate.
The following are examples of copyright takedown notices that we determined were invalid due to misrepresentations made by the reporter or because the requests were overreaching.
Recent examples:
04. Top Copyright Reporters
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We receive copyright from copyright owners or their authorized representatives. The entities who have submitted the most takedown requests over the past six months include: IFPI, Universal Music Group, Athletica Sports, La Liga, and Leak ID.
You can see these takedown notices, along with all the other actionable copyright notices we process, at Lumen.
01. Latest Data: DMCA Counter Notices
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02.
Overview
This section covers the latest data about DMCA to restore content on X.
There are also details about the latest trends in global volumes of requests, , , and .
03.
Analysis
Big picture
The DMCA provides statutory instructions on how an affected party can formally contest a copyright-related removal by submitting a valid counter notice.
Footnotes
Some cases received during this reporting period may be in progress and therefore may not be included in this report.
Counter-notice processing was interrupted by a security incident in July 2020. The backlogged notices from that interruption were processed throughout 2021, alongside new notices submitted during that period.
